Bearings
Mounting of bearings
Properly performed installation is critical for long life span and optimum performance. Improper installation can lead to premature wear, increased friction and ultimately bearing failure. Three mounting methods can be distinguished:
Mechanical method
The mechanical method is used with smaller bearings, including miniature bearings. The bearings can be assembled with light press fits using professional tools such as: Bushings and mechanical presses.
This method is simple and effective if done correctly to avoid damage.
Thermal method
In the thermal method, bearings are assembled by heating the parts. This is ideal for larger bearings and series assembly. Some important aspects:
- Avoid overheating to avoid damage to lubricating greases and preservatives.
- Methods of thermal assembly:
- Oil bath
- Cooktop
- Oven
- Induction heater (most reliable because of precise temperature control)
Hydraulic method
The hydraulic method is used for large bearings with a bore from 200mm. Here, a hydraulic press is used to slide the bearing onto the shaft. This ensures uniform and controlled force distribution, which is essential in heavy-duty applications.
Damage to bearings
Even with high-quality bearings, damage can occur over time. These can be divided into two categories:
Inevitable damages
These occur due to material fatigue and surface depletion. With long-term use, raceways and roller bodies may show signs of natural wear.
Avoidable damages
These can arise from manufacturing defects or external influences and can be identified by:
- Production errors
- Lack of a ball or roller
- Insufficiently machined surfaces
- External influences
- Tread marks indicating improper assembly
- Primary damages such as wear, indentations, corrosion or electrical current passage
- Secondary damage such as chipping, cracking or fractures in bearing components
Tread marks and diagnostics
Over time, tread marks appear on bearings, which is not necessarily a problem. Many bearings with obvious tread marks continue to function perfectly. However, these marks can provide valuable information about:
- The accuracy of the assembly
- The fit and clearance selection of the bearing assembly
Applying proper mounting and maintenance methods can significantly extend the life of bearings.